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1.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1535949

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Anal squamous cell carcinoma is rare, but its incidence and mortality have been increasing globally; 90% of cases are related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection(1,2). Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have a higher risk of infection with this virus; an incidence of 5.5 per 100,000 patients has been identified in the IBD group compared to 1.8 in the non-IBD group(3). Materials and methods: A descriptive case series study was conducted with 21 patients with IBD and no perianal symptoms between January and July 2022 at the Institute of Coloproctology in Medellín. They underwent anal cytology, HPV genotyping, and high-resolution anoscopy after explanation and acceptance of the procedure. If lesions were found, ablative treatment was performed. Results: 23% of this cohort had low-grade squamous lesions, while 14.2% had high-grade lesions with dysplasia changes during anoscopy. Besides, 90.4% had positive HPV genotyping, of which 76.1% were high-grade. Conclusions: Our study suggests that this series of patients with IBD behaves as a high-risk group for developing premalignant lesions in association with HPV. High-resolution anoscopy is a cost-effective, painless, and affordable method that, in expert hands, may impact the diagnosis and management of premalignant lesions and decrease the incidence of anal cancer in patients with IBD.


Introducción: El carcinoma anal de células escamosas es raro, pero su incidencia y mortalidad han ido en aumento globalmente. El 90% de los casos están relacionados con la infección por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH)1,2 y los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) tienen un mayor riesgo de infección por este virus; se ha identificado una incidencia de 5,5 por 100.000 pacientes en el grupo de EII frente a 1,8 en el grupo sin EII3. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de serie de casos en el que se incluyó a 21 pacientes con EII, sin síntomas perianales, entre enero y julio de 2022 en el Instituto de Coloproctología de Medellín, a quienes se les realizó citología anal, genotipificación del VPH y anoscopia de alta resolución, previa explicación y aceptación del procedimiento. Si se encontraban lesiones, se realizaba tratamiento ablativo. Resultados: El 23% de esta cohorte tenía lesiones escamosas de bajo grado, mientras que el 14,2% presentaba lesiones de alto grado con cambios de displasia al momento de la anoscopia. El 90,4% tenían genotipificación positiva para VPH, de los cuales el 76,1% eran de alto grado. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio sugiere que esta serie de pacientes con EII se comporta como un grupo de alto riesgo para desarrollar lesiones premalignas en asociación con el VPH. La anoscopia de alta resolución es un método rentable, indoloro y asequible que, en manos expertas, puede impactar el diagnóstico y manejo de lesiones premalignas y disminuir la incidencia de cáncer anal en pacientes con EII.

2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1550817

ABSTRACT

La proteína proteasa 3CLpro del SARS-CoV-2 es una enzima crucial para la replicación viral, razón por la cual se convierte en un blanco terapéutico de gran importancia. El timol (2-isopropil-5-me-tilfenol), un compuesto natural que se encuentra en el tomillo (Thymus vulgaris), exhibe potencial actividad antiviral contra la proteasa 3CLpro. En este estudio, usando acoplamiento molecular con AutoDockTools-1.5.6, se evaluaron las energías de interacción molecular entre el timol y los residuos de aminoácidos en el sitio activo de la proteína proteasa 3CLpro. Luego, con la teoría cuántica de Átomos en Moléculas (QTAIM) y la de Interacciones no covalentes (NCI) se analizaron los tipos de interacciones moleculares entre los residuos de aminoácidos identificados y el timol. Los cálculos cuánticos se llevaron con el software Orca-5.0.3, utilizando el método DFT con el funcional M06-2X y el conjunto base aug-cc-pVDZ en fase gaseosa. Los resultados de acoplamiento molecular indican que el timol se une a la proteína 3CL con una energía de interacción igual a -3,784 kcal/mol. El análisis QTAIM indica la presencia de puntos críticos de enlace entre el timol y los residuos HIS41 y CYS145. Además, se observa la formación de un enlace de hidrógeno entre el grupo OH del timol y el residuo CYS145, lo cual es corroborado por los análisis ELF (Electron Localization Function) y NCI (Non Covalent Interactions). Finalmente, el método NCI confirma la presencia de interacciones de Van der Waals con el residuo HIS41. Los resultados sugieren que el mecanismo de inhibición de la actividad de la proteína 3CLpro es controlado por interacciones moleculares tipo puente de hidrógeno e interacciones débiles.


The protease 3CLpro of the SARS-CoV-2 is a crucial enzyme for viral replication, becoming a highly important therapeutic target. Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methyl-phenol), a naturally occurring compound found in thyme, exhibits potential antiviral activity against the 3CLpro protease. In this study, using molecular docking with AutoDockTools-1.5.6, the molecular interaction energies between thymol and amino acid residues in the active site of the protein protease 3CLpro were evaluated. Then, with the Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) and Non-covalent Interactions (NCI) theories, the types of molecular interactions between identified amino acid residues and thymol were analyzed. Quantum calculations were carried out with the Orca-5.0.3 software using the DFT method with the M06-2X functional and the aug-cc-pVDZ basis set in the gas phase. The molecular docking results indicate that thymol is linked to the 3CL protein with an interaction energy equal to -3.784 kcal/mol. QTAIM analysis indicates the presence of critical binding sites between thymol and residues HIS41 and CYS145. In addition, the formation of a hydrogen bond between the OH group of thymol and the CYS145 residue is observed, which is corroborated by the ELF and NCI analyses. Finally, the NCI method confirms the presence of Van der Waals interactions with the HIS41 residue. The results suggest that the mechanism of inhibition of the activity of the 3CLpro protein is controlled by molecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding and weak interactions.


A protease 3CLpro do SARS-CoV-2 é uma enzima crucial para a replicação viral, tornando-se um alvo terapêutico de grande importÅncia. O timol (2-isopropil-5-me-tilfenol), um composto natural encontrado no tomilho, exibe potencial atividade antiviral contra a protease 3CLpro. Neste estudo, utilizando o docking molecular com o AutoDockTools-1.5.6, foram avaliadas as energias de interação molecular entre o timol e os residuos de aminoácidos no sítio ativo da proteína protease 3CLpro. Em seguida, com a teoria quantica de atomos em moleculas (QTAIM) e da interacões no-covalentes (NCI), foram analisados os tipos de interações moleculares entre os resíduos de aminoácidos identificados e o timol. Os cálculos quÅnticos foram realizados com o software Orca-5.0.3 usando o método DFT com o funcional M06-2X e a base aug-cc-pVDZ definida na fase gasosa. Os resultados do docking molecular indicam que o ti-mol está ligado à proteína 3CL com uma energia de interação igual a -3.784 kcal/ mol. A análise QTAIM indica a presença de sítios de ligação críticos entre o timol e os resíduos HIS41 e CYS145. Além disso, observa-se a formação de uma ponte de hidrogênio entre o grupo OH do timol e o resíduo CYS145, o que é corroborado pelas análises ELF e NCI. Finalmente, o método NCI confirma a presença das interações de Van der Waals com o resíduo HIS41. Os resultados sugerem que o mecanismo de inibição da atividade da proteína 3CLpro é controlado por interações moleculares como ligações de hidrogênio e interações fracas.

3.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 75(1)feb. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1441453

ABSTRACT

La hernia incisional compleja es un desafío para el cirujano. Son ampliamente conocidos los factores que han permitido mejorar los resultados de la reparación herniaria, entre ellos el neumoperitoneo preoperatorio. Durante la insuflación preoperatoria, el aire difunde tanto en la cavidad abdominal como en el saco herniario. Sin embargo, gran porcentaje del contenido administrado, se distribuye mayormente en el saco herniario y no en la cavidad abdominal. En Latinoamérica, diversos equipos de cirujanos de pared abdominal han compartido experiencias en lo que respecta a la optimización de esta técnica como adyuvancia para el manejo de las hernias complejas. En este contexto, y para optimizar la distribución del aire insuflado hacia la cavidad abdominal, se comenzó a utilizar un dispositivo externo de compresión. Este trabajo busca estandarizar por primera vez esta técnica durante el neumoperitoneo preoperatorio buscando disminuir el volumen de aire insuflado, los días de neumoperitoneo y, por lo tanto, los días de hospitalización previo a la cirugía.


Complicated incisional hernia is challenging for surgeons. The factors that have improved the results of hernia repair are widely known, including preoperative pneumoperitoneum. During preoperative insufflation, air diffuses into both the abdominal cavity and the hernia sac. However, a large percentage of the administered content is distributed mainly in the hernia sac and not in the abdominal cavity. Latin-American teams of abdominal wall surgeons have shared experiences regarding the optimization of this technique as an adjuvant for the management of complicated hernias. In this context and to optimize the distribution of the insufflated air into the abdominal cavity, an external compression device began to be used. This article aims to standardize this technique for the first time during preoperative pneumoperitoneum. The target is to reduce the volume of air insufflated, the days of pneumoperitoneum and, therefore, the days of hospitalization prior to surgery.

4.
Rev. chil. neuro-psiquiatr ; 60(1): 116-123, mar. 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1388416

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: un quiste aracnoideo es originado de la alteración de una de las membranas de la meninges (aracnoides), de predominio en la fosa craneal media; es una patología poco común que cause síntomas y si ocurren, se pueden presentar manifestaciones neuropsiquiatrías. OBJETIVO: exponer los datos clínicos; y la metodología diagnóstica y terapéutica. CASO: presentamos una paciente femenina de 24 años de edad; sin antecedentes personales médicos psiquiátricos y médicos no psiquiátricos conocidos, quien presenta una historia con un mes de evolución de síntomas psicóticos y cambios conductuales. Se le realizo CAT cerebral simple y luego una resonancia magnética cerebral contrastada para definir el tamaño del quiste aracnoideo, por los posibles síntomas neuropsiquiátricos encontrados. Por medio de exámenes de laboratorios, estudios electrofisiológicos (electroencefalograma), neuroimágenes y evaluación clínica. Se decide presentar las características clínicas encontradas de la paciente quien requirió manejo con antipsicóticos, benzodiacepinas y estabilizador del humor con gradual mejoría de sus sintomatologías de ingreso (agitación psicomotora y psicosis).


INTRODUCTION: an arachnoid cyst is caused by the alteration of one of the membranes of the meninges (arachnoid), predominantly in the middle cranial fossa; It is an uncommon pathology that causes symptoms and if they occur, neuropsychiatric manifestations may take place. OBJECTIVE: expose the clinical data; and the diagnostic and therapeutic methodology. CASE: we present a 24-year-old female patient; with no personal history of psychiatric and known non-psychiatric medical records, whom presents a story with a month of evolution of psychotic symptoms and behavioral changes. A simple cerebral CAT was performed and then a cerebral magnetic resonance imaging with contrast to define the size of the arachnoid cyst, due to the possible neuropsychiatric symptoms found. Through laboratory tests, electrophysiological studies (electroencephalogram), neuroimaging and clinical evaluation. It was decided to present the clinical characteristics of the patient who required management with antipsychotics, benzodiazepines and mood stabilizer with gradual improvement of her admission symptoms (psychomotor agitation and psychosis)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Psychotic Disorders/etiology , Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy , Arachnoid Cysts/diagnostic imaging , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
5.
Prensa méd. argent ; 107(6): 299-306, 20210000. tab, fig
Article in English | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1359089

ABSTRACT

Introducción. El consumo de alcohol daña la mayoría de los órganos y sistemas de nuestro organismo, con un efecto nocivo sobre la diabetes tipo 2. En nuestro país, el consumo de alcohol es tolerado y socialmente bien considerado, lo que provoca que una parte importante de la población tenga una ingesta excesiva de alcohol. Por tanto, quisimos evaluar el efecto de la ingesta excesiva de alcohol en la población trabajadora y su efecto sobre el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo y transversal en 55.147 trabajadores españoles en el que se evaluó el efecto del consumo excesivo de alcohol sobre el riesgo de desarrollar diabetes tipo 2. El riesgo de diabetes se evaluó con las escalas Findrisk y QDScore. El consumo de alcohol se evalúa con la unidad de bebida estándar, equivalente a 10 g de alcohol. Se considera consumo excesivo cuando se superan semanalmente 35 unidades de bebida estándar en hombres y 20 en mujeres. Resultados. El consumo excesivo de alcohol en comparación con no beber, beber poco o moderadamente aumenta el riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 en ambas escalas de riesgo. La razón de probabilidades es 12,22 (IC 95 11,51-12,99) para la escala Findrisk y 13,36 (IC 95% 12,04-14,69) para el riesgo relativo con QDScore. Conclusión. El consumo excesivo de alcohol aumenta el riesgo de diabetes tipo 2 con las escalas Findrisk y QDScore en la población laboral española


Introduction. Alcohol consumption damages most of the organs and systems of our organism, with a harmful effect on type 2 diabetes. In our country, alcohol consumption is tolerated and socially well regarded, which causes an important part of the population to have an excessive alcohol intake. Therefore, we want to evaluate the effect of excessive alcohol intake in the working population and its effect on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Methods. Descriptive and cross-sectional study in 55,147 Spanish workers in which the effect of excessive alcohol consumption on the risk of developing type 2 diabetes was assessed. Diabetes risk was assessed with the Findrisk and QDScore scales. Alcohol consumption is assessed with the standard drinking unit, equivalent to 10g of alcohol. Excessive consumption is considered when 35 standard drinking unit in men and 20 in women are exceeded weekly. Results. Heavy drinking compared to no, low or moderate drinking increases the risk of type 2 diabetes on both risk scales. The Odds ratio is 12.22 (CI 95 11.51-12.99) for the Findrisk scale and 13.36 (CI 95% 12.04-14.69) for the relative risk with QDScore. Conclusion. Excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk of type 2 diabetes with the Findrisk and QDScore scales in the Spanish working population


Subject(s)
Humans , Alcohol Drinking/adverse effects , Risk Assessment , Diabetes Mellitus/diagnosis , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Binge Drinking/complications , Occupational Groups
6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(6): 939-944, jun. 2021. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389533

ABSTRACT

We report a 20-year-old male athlete who while running, presented a sudden death due to ventricular fibrillation. He was successfully rescued by cardiopulmonary resuscitation maneuvers and an automatic external defibrillator. Without evidence of structural heart disease, Brugada syndrome was diagnosed as the cause, after which a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator was indicated. We discuss the subject of sudden cardiac death in athletes and its unusual relationship with exercise in this channelopathy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Young Adult , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Defibrillators, Implantable , Brugada Syndrome/complications , Brugada Syndrome/diagnosis , Arrhythmias, Cardiac , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/etiology
7.
Med. infant ; 28(1): 27-32, Marzo 2021. Tab
Article in Spanish | BINACIS, UNISALUD, LILACS | ID: biblio-1282913

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El mielomeningocele (MMC) es una de las malformaciones congénitas más severas compatible con la vida. El 90% de los pacientes presenta vejiga neurogénica que debe ser evaluada y tratada precozmente. Objetivos: Describir la evaluación y tratamiento nefrourológico recibido por pacientes con MMC hasta el momento de la primera consulta en el Hospital Garrahan (periodo pre-ingreso). Describir la evaluación realizada y el tratamiento urológico implementado a partir del ingreso al hospital Garrahan (periodo post-ingreso). Evaluar la prevalencia de Enfermedad Renal Crónica (ERC). Población y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio con diseño clínico analítico, retrospectivo, longitudinal sobre pacientes con MMC de 1 mes a 18 años derivados al Hospital Garrahan para atención ambulatoria en los años 2011 y 2012. Resultados: Se incluyeron115 pacientes. Al momento de la derivación al hospital ("pre-ingreso") 7% de los pacientes habían logrado completar evaluación nefrourológica, (ecografía vesicorenal, urodinamia, Cistouretrografía, Centellograma renal y Creatininemia). Tratamiento: 33% vaciaban vejiga por CIL o vesicostomía y 21% recibían Oxibutinina. A partir del ingreso al seguimiento en el Garrahan 83% lograron completar la evaluación, y en función del resultado de la misma se indicó CIL en 87% y Oxibutinina en el 66% de los pacientes. La prevalencia de ERC al ingreso fue de 43%; la mayoría en estadio I. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes con MMC fueron derivados al hospital de tercer nivel con evaluaciones urológicas incompletas y sin el tratamiento adecuado de la vejiga neurogénica. El inicio del seguimiento interdisciplinario en un hospital de alta complejidad facilitó la realización de las evaluaciones necesarias y la implementación del tratamiento adecuado (AU)


Introduction: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is one of the most severe congenital malformations compatible with life. Of all the patients, 90% presents with a neurogenic bladder requiring early evaluation and treatment. Objectives: To describe the uronephrological evaluation and treatment received by patients with MMC up to the first consultation at Garrahan Hospital (pre-follow-up period). To describe the urological evaluation and treatment implemented from referral to Garrahan Hospital (follow-up period). To evaluate the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Population and Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal study with a clinical, analytical design was conducted in patients with MMC between 1 months and 18 years of age referred to Garrahan Hospital for outpatient care in 2011 and 2012. Results: 115 patients were included. At the time of referral to the hospital ("pre-follow-up") 7% of the patients had undergone complete uronephrological evaluation (kidney-bladder ultrasonography, urodynamic studies, cystourethrography, renal scintigraphy, and creatininemia levels). Treatment: 33% emptied their bladder by CIC or vesicostomy and 21% received oxybutynin. From follow-up initiation at Garrahan Hospital, 83% underwent complete evaluation, and based on the results CIC was indicated in 87% and oxybutynin in 66% of the patients. On admission, prevalence of CKD was 43%; with stage I in the majority of the patients. Conclusions: The majority of the patients with MMC were referred to a third-level hospital with incomplete urological studies and without adequate treatment of the neurogenic bladder. Initiation of interdisciplinary follow-up at a tertiary hospital allowed for the necessary studies and implementation of adequate treatment (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Patient Care Team , Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/diagnosis , Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/etiology , Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic/therapy , Meningomyelocele/complications , Meningomyelocele/diagnosis , Meningomyelocele/epidemiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Kidney Function Tests
8.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 50: 45-52, Mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1292328

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Lawsonia intracellularis remains a problem for the swine industry worldwide. Previously, we designed and obtained a vaccine candidate against this pathogen based on the chimeric proteins: OMP1c, OMP2c, and INVASc. These proteins formed inclusion bodies when expressed in E. coli, which induced humoral and cellular immune responses in vaccinated pigs. Also, protection was demonstrated after the challenge. In this study, we established a production process to increase the yields of the three antigens as a vaccine candidate. RESULTS: Batch and fed-batch fermentations were evaluated in different culture conditions using a 2 L bioreactor. A fed-batch culture with a modified Terrific broth medium containing glucose instead of glycerol, and induced with 0.75 mM IPTG at 8 h of culture (11 g/L of biomass) raised the volumetric yield to 627.1 mg/L. Under these culture conditions, plasmid-bearing cells increased by 10% at the induction time. High efficiency in cell disruption was obtained at passage six using a high-pressure homogenizer and a bead mill. The total antigen recovery was 64% (400 mg/L), with a purity degree of 70%. The antigens retained their immunogenicity in pigs, inducing high antibody titers. CONCLUSIONS: Considering that the antigen production process allowed an increment of more than 70-fold, this methodology constitutes a crucial step in the production of this vaccine candidate against L. intracellularis.


Subject(s)
Animals , Swine Diseases/immunology , Bacterial Vaccines/immunology , Lawsonia Bacteria/immunology , Desulfovibrionaceae Infections/prevention & control , Swine , Swine Diseases/prevention & control , Bacterial Vaccines/administration & dosage , Vaccines, Synthetic , Cell Survival , Vaccination , Fermentation , Batch Cell Culture Techniques , Immunity
9.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 32(1): 60-68, 2021. ilus, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1151945

ABSTRACT

It is described that salivary gland tumors account for up to 3-6% of head and neck tumors, 80% of these being located in the parotid gland. Broadly speaking, the smaller the gland, the greater the probability of malignancy. The most common clinical manifestation in tumor pathology is the appearance of a painless mass. Indicators of malignancy should be considered: chronic volume increase or rapid growth, facial paralysis, cranial nerve involvement, ulceration, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Ultrasonography should be the first imaging study, however, it provides limited information. MRI is the exam of choice for salivary gland tumors, whereas CT and PET-CT allow the study of local and remote invasion. FNA is controversial, it is not indicated for all patients, in parotid tumors a cytological examination is usually not necessary prior to surgery. Excisional biopsy is not recommended due to the risk of tumor seeding, neural damage, and salivary fistula. The goal of treatment in gland tumors is the removal of the glands, associated with lymph node dissection and adjuvant radiation therapy in indicated cases. The general practitioner must comprehensively address these pathologies to achieve a timely referral to the specialist. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Salivary Gland Diseases/diagnosis , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/diagnosis , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/epidemiology , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
10.
Gac. méd. Méx ; 157(supl.3): S120-S130, feb. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1375510

ABSTRACT

Resumen Este documento fue preparado (en junio de 2020) por y para los profesionales médicos (clínicos y proveedores de salud), y está disponible públicamente para propósitos de recomendaciones relacionada con pacientes pediátricos y enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Según datos disponibles hasta la fecha, los niños de todas las edades pueden contraer la COVID-19; sin embargo, tienen mejor pronóstico que los adultos, siendo pocos los casos graves reportados, y los casos leves se recuperan en 1-2 semanas después del inicio de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este documento es aportar peculiaridades que consideramos importantes para el diagnóstico y tratamiento. Debido a los cambios en la actual situación epidemiológica se pueden modificar algunos conceptos y acciones, por lo que la información aquí contenida debe ser adaptada a cada paciente, basada en el juicio clínico, necesidades del paciente y recursos disponibles.


Abstract This document was prepared (June 2020) by and for medical professionals (clinicians and health providers), and it is available as a guideline for pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). So far, according to available data although children of all ages can acquire COVID-19, they have better outcome than adults, with a little proportion of severe disease, and in mild cases they have a 1 to 2-week recovery after the beginning of the infection. The objective of this document is to provide particularities that we consider important for diagnosis and treatment. Owe to the changing epidemiological situation some concepts and actions can change, so this information must be adapted to each specific case, based on the clinical judgement according to patient requirements and available resources.

11.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 32(3): 258-268, 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1353226

ABSTRACT

Hysterectomy is the most common gynecological surgery in non-pregnant women. There are different surgical approaches for total hysterectomy, abdominal, vaginal, laparoscopic and robotic routes. The choice is determined by different factors such as uterine size, malformations, surgical risks, skill of the surgeon, expected postoperative quality of life, and monetary costs. The surgical technique is well described in the literature, however, there are certain anatomical and functional considerations that must be known before performing the hysterectomy to avoid complications. The most frequent complications are hemorrhage, infections, thromboembolism, urinary and gastrointestinal tract injuries. Majority can be avoided with an adequate procedure and management of pre-existing comorbidities. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Hysterectomy/adverse effects , Hysterectomy/methods , Gynecologic Surgical Procedures/methods , Hysterectomy/trends
13.
Rev. cir. (Impr.) ; 72(5): 449-454, oct. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138737

ABSTRACT

Resumen El nuevo coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), causante de la enfermedad COVID-19, es una pandemia con alta morbimortalidad mundial. Uno de los factores más importantes es su alta tasa de transmisibilidad por gotitas, aerosoles y fómites. La tendencia actual es el aumento progresivo de pacientes contagiados en nuestro país y, por consiguiente, de mayor cantidad de enfermos en unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) con uso de ventilación mecánica invasiva (VMI). La traqueostomía (TQT) se utiliza en pacientes críticos para facilitar la VMI a largo plazo y el destete de la ventilación. Una TQT temprana, definida como la realizada en los primeros 7 días después de la intubación orotraqueal (IOT), se asocia a una reducción en el tiempo de la VMI, mortalidad y permanencia en UCI. La TQT es una técnica quirúrgica con alta generación de aerosoles la cual implica medidas especiales frente a la realización de ésta en pacientes con COVID-19. Para limitar el contagio del SARS-CoV-2 en los trabajadores de salud es necesario el uso de elementos de protección personal (EPP) adecuados según la intervención a realizar. Es por esta razón que en el presente artículo se propone utilizar el acrónimo C-O-RO-NA para no olvidar elementos y pasos fundamentales al momento de realizar esta técnica, minimizando de esta manera el contagio en los trabajadores de salud.


The new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), which causes COVID-19 disease, is a high mortality pandemic illness. One of the most important factors is its high rate of transmissibility by respiratory droplets, aerosols and fomites. The reigning trend of this disease is progressively increasing infected patients in our country, therefore, more patients in intensive care units (ICU) with invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Tracheostomy (TQT) is used in critical patients to facilitate long-term IMV and ventilation weaning. An early TQT, defined as performed in the first 7 days after orotracheal intubation (IOT) is associated with a reduction IMV duration, mortality rate and length of stay in ICU. TQT is a surgical procedure which generates a huge amount of aerosols that need special measures to perform in COVID-19 patients. It is necessary to use appropriate personal protection elements (PPE) according to the intervention, limiting the spread of SARS-CoV-2 in health workers. It is for this reason that this article proposes to use the acronym C-O-RO-NA to remember fundamental elements and steps when performing this technique in order to minimize health workers infection.


Subject(s)
Humans , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Tracheostomy/methods , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Surgical Procedures, Operative/standards , Clinical Protocols , Pandemics , Personal Protective Equipment/standards , Betacoronavirus
14.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 91(7): 43-48, set. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1138693

ABSTRACT

Resumen: La actual pandemia por Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) corresponde a una zoonosis viral altamente con tagiosa que ha requerido extremar las medidas de protección personal con el fin de disminuir la transmisión del virus, tanto en ambientes hospitalarios como fuera de ellos, siendo necesaria la adopción de estrictos métodos de aislamiento tanto de contacto como aerosoles. Esto ha reque rido la adopción de múltiples equipos de protección personal, dentro de los que se encuentran la protección ocular, mascarillas, escudo de protección facial, gorros, guantes, etcétera. Lo anterior ha generado un aumento en el daño de la barrera cutánea y, por lo tanto, la aparición de diversas dermatosis dentro de las que se encuentran dermatitis de contacto irritativa o alérgica, reaccio nes acneiformes, agravamiento de dermatosis previas, entre otras, cobrando así vital importancia el cuidado y restablecimiento de la barrera cutánea con medidas esenciales como aplicación de productos humectantes o emolientes y el correcto uso de los equipos en mención. No obstante, no solo se generan dermatosis derivadas del uso de equipos de protección personal, sino que tam bién, dentro del amplio espectro de manifestaciones dermatológicas que puede generar la enfer medad por Covid-19 propiamente tal, incluyendo compromiso cutáneo, piloso (efluvio telógeno) o ungueal (onicomadesis). Por otro lado pero no motivo de este artículo, el compromiso cutáneo puede corresponder a la primera expresión clínica de la enfermedad o ser un predictor de su evolu ción. Dentro de lo anterior encontramos la urticaria aguda, exantema maculo-papular, exantema varicela-like, erupción petequial, perniosis-like y lívedo reticularis como las principales formas de afección cutánea hasta el momento.


Abstract: The current Covid-19 pandemic (SARS-CoV-2) corresponds to a highly contagious viral zoonosis that has required to extreme measures in order to decrease the transmission of the virus in hospi tal settings and outside of them, requiring adoption of strict isolation methods, both contact and aerosols. This has required the adoption of multiple personal protective equipment, including eye protection, masks, face shield, medical caps, gloves, etc. The aforementioned has generated an in crease in the damage of the skin barrier, and therefore, the appearance of various dermatoses, among which are irritative o alergic contact dermatitis, acneiform reactions, aggravation of previous der matoses, and others, thus becoming vital protection and restoration of the skin barrier with mea sures such as the application of moisturizing or emollient products and the correct use of personal protection equipment. However, not only dermatoses are generated derived from the use of perso nal protection equipment, but also, within the wide spectrum of dermatological manifestations that Covid-19 disease itself can generate, including cutaneous, hairy involvement (telogen effluvium) or nail (onychomadesis). Cutaneous involvement may correspond to the first clinical expression of the disease or be a predictor of its evolution. Among the above we find acute urticaria, maculo-papular rash, chickenpox-like rash, petechial rash, perniosis-like, and livedo reticularis as the main forms of skin condition to date.

15.
Enferm. univ ; 17(2): 121-135, abr.-jun. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS, BDENF | ID: biblio-1345979

ABSTRACT

Resumen Introducción: La artritis reumatoide es una enfermedad autoinmune, crónica, degenerativa. Su control está relacionado con la medicación y los factores ambientales, especialmente los estilos de vida, que son potencialmente modificables. Objetivo: Determinar el perfil del estilo de vida de las personas con artritis reumatoide y su relación con el grado de actividad de la enfermedad. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional en adultos con artritis reumatoide. Con previo consentimiento informado, se aplicó clinimetría basada en el nivel de actividad de la enfermedad (DAS28) y el Perfil de Estilos de Vida (PEPS-II) de Nola J. Pender. Para el análisis se recurrió a la estadística descriptiva, correlación de Spearman. Se utilizó el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 22. Resultados: Se valoraron 110 personas, el promedio global del estilo de vida se ubica en un perfil saludable, la dimensión actividad física se clasificó como la más afectada (85.5%). No se encontró correlación entre la actividad de la enfermedad y estilo de vida. Discusión: Existen pocos estudios análogos, los resultados primordiales de estos coinciden con los encontrados. Se hace evidente la necesidad de seguir trabajando en los estilos de vida para lograr disminuir la presencia de actividad inflamatoria en las personas con artritis reumatoide. Conclusiones: No existe una correlación entre las dos variables, es decir, a medida que el perfil de estilo de vida es saludable, la actividad inflamatoria de la enfermedad está activa.


Abstract Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic-degenerative autoimmune illness whose control depends on medications and environmental factors, in particular the lifestyles. Objective: To determine the profiles of lifestyles among persons suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and their related illness severity. Methodology: This is a descriptive, transversal, and correlational study on adults with rheumatoid arthritis. After obtaining their corresponding informed consents, the Disease Activity Score of 28 joints test, and Nola J. Pender's Lifestyles Profile Questionnaire were given. SPSS version 22 was used to determine descriptive statistics with Spearman correlations. Results: 110 individuals were assessed, the global average of lifestyle scores was suggesting a healthy general profile, physical activity was found to be the most affected (85.5%). No correlation between the illness activity and the lifestyle was found. Discussion: There are few analogous studies and their results have been diverse. Therefore, it is important to continue analyzing the characteristics of lifestyles that can help reduce rheumatoid arthritis related inflammation in these patients. Conclusions: No correlation was found between the two studied variables; therefore, a lifestyle change does not necessarily imply a reduction in the level of inflammation.


Resumo Introdução: A artrite reumatoide é uma doença autoimune, crônica, degenerativa. Seu controle está relacionado com a medicação e os fatores ambientais, especialmente os estilos de vida, que são potencialmente modificáveis. Objetivo: Determinar o perfil do estilo de vida das pessoas com artrite reumatoide e sua relação com o grau de atividade da doença. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, transversal e correlacional em adultos com artrite reumatoide. Com prévio consentimento informado, aplicou-se Clinimetria baseada no nível de atividade da doença (DAS28) e o Perfil de Estilos de Vida (PEPS-II) de Nola J. Pender. Para a análise recorreu-se à estatística descritiva, correlação de Spearman. Utilizou-se o pacote estatístico SPSS versão 22. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 110 pessoas, a média global do estilo de vida localizou-o em um perfil saudável, a dimensão atividade física classificou-se como a mais afetada (85.5%). Não se encontrou correlação entre a atividade da doença e o estilo de vida. Discussão: Existem poucos estudos análogos, os resultados primordiais destes coincidem com os encontrados. Fica evidente a necessidade de seguir trabalhando nos estilos de vida para atingir diminuir a presença de atividade inflamatória nas pessoas com artrite reumatoide. Conclusões: Não existe uma correlação entre as duas variáveis, quer dizer, à medida que o perfil de estilo de vida for saudável, a atividade inflamatória da doença estará ativa.

17.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol. (En línea) ; 85(2): 139-146, abr. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1115509

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la calidad de la educación sexual recibida en el contexto escolar y su asociación a conductas sexuales en adolescentes chilenos. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal y analítico. La muestra correspondió a adolescentes de ambos sexos de 15 a 19 años, se obtuvo de una base de datos con representación nacional. Se evaluó la calidad de la educación sexual recibida en el contexto escolar como buena, regular y mala. Se realizó análisis descriptivo y de asociación entre las variables. Se calculó OR (Odds ratio) y RRR (Relative-risk ratios) ajustado por sexo, edad en años cumplidos, grupo socioeconómico y zona. RESULTADOS: La muestra correspondió a 1.049 adolescentes sexualmente activos, de estos el 21,83% correspondió al grupo con evaluación mala, 44,16% con evaluación regular y 34,01% con evaluación buena. La razón entre adolescentes que no usaron condón en la última relación sexual versus usaron condón, es 1,64 veces mayor en los adolescentes con evaluación mala de la educación sexual recibida (OR: 1,64; IC95%: 1,01 - 2,68). La razón entre adolescentes que tuvieron dos o más parejas sexuales en el último año versus ninguna o una, es 2,15 veces mayor en los adolescentes con evaluación mala de la educación sexual recibida (OR: 2,15; IC95%: 1,30 - 3,56). CONCLUSIÓN: Los participantes de este estudio evalúan la educación sexual recibida mayoritariamente como regular, existiendo una asociación con las conductas sexuales. Es importante realizar estudios en profundidad que permitan conocer por qué los adolescentes evalúan sólo como regular la educación sexual recibida en el sistema escolar.


OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the quality of the sexual education received in the school context and its association with sexual behaviors in Chilean adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional and analytical study. The sample corresponded to adolescents of both sexes from 15 to 19 years old, it was obtained from a database with national representation. The quality of the sexual education received in the school context was evaluated as good, regular and bad. Descriptive and association analysis were performed between the variables. OR (Odds ratio) and RRR (Relative-risk ratios) adjusted for sex, age in completed years, socioeconomic group and area were calculated. RESULTS: The sample corresponded to 1,049 sexually active adolescents, of these, 21.83% corresponded to the group with bad "Evaluation", 44.16% with regular "Evaluation" and 34.01% with good "Evaluation". The ratio among adolescents who did not use a condom in the last sexual relationship versus those who used a condom is 1.64 times higher in adolescents with a poor evaluation of sexual education received (OR: 1.64; 95% CI: 1.01 - 2.68). The ratio among adolescents who had two or more sexual partners in the last year versus those who had neither or one, is 2.15 times higher in adolescents with poor evaluation of sexual education received (OR: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.30 - 3.56). CONCLUSION: The participants of this study evaluate the sexual education received mostly as regular, with an association with sexual behaviors. It is important to conduct in-depth studies that allow us to know why adolescents evaluate the sexual education received in the school system as regular only.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Sexual Behavior/psychology , Sex Education , Adolescent Behavior/psychology , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Educational Measurement
18.
Acta ortop. mex ; 34(2): 87-90, mar.-abr. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345093

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Introduction: The rotator cuff tears are a very frequent condition. The rotator cuff repair is a procedure often perform by the orthopedic surgeon. There are multiple techniques and suture configurations for this type of repairs. The double row configuration is one of the most used and consider very effective for mid-size and large size rotator cuff tears. The parachute configuration for this repair is a novel technique that may be useful for mid-size and large size tears, for this repair two medial double row anchors are used and one knotless lateral anchor. Our porpoise was to compare biomechanical performance and footprint coverage of a conventional suture-bridge double-row rotator cuff repair configuration versus a double-row-parachute. Methods: This paper shows the biomechanical behavior on a cadaver model of the parachute configuration, and also compares this conformation with a double row in a suture-bridge fashion. Our hipothesis was that the Parachute configuration's biomechanical performance is equivalent to the suture-bridging double-row technique. Results: The parachute configuration advantages show the advantage of using less anchors, which will decrease the surgical time and also the risks of using multiple hardware in the humeral head.


Resumen: Introducción: La lesión del manguito rotador es una patología común cuya reparación es un procedimiento realizado por los cirujanos ortopedistas. Existen muchas técnicas de reparación, así como múltiples configuraciones de anclas y suturas para realizar estos procedimientos. La técnica de doble fila es una de las más usadas para rupturas de tamaño mediano y grande con buenos resultados. La configuración en «paracaídas¼ para la reparación del manguito rotador puede llegar a ser útil para éstas, en este tipo de configuración se utilizan dos anclas mediales y un ancla sin nudos lateral. Nuestro objetivo fue la comparación de la eficiencia biomecánica y cobertura de la huella de una configuración convencional de doble fila «suture bridge¼ frente a una configuración en «paracaídas¼. Métodos: Este trabajo revisó el comportamiento biomecánico, en piezas cadavéricas, de la configuración de paracaídas y se comparó con la configuración de doble fila tipo «suture-bridge¼. Nuestra hipótesis era que el rendimiento biomecánico de la configuración de Parachute es equivalente a la técnica de doble fila «suture bridge¼. Resultados: Las posibles ventajas de la configuración de paracaídas son el uso de menos anclas, disminuyendo el tiempo quirúrgico y los riesgos de tener múltiples implantes en la cabeza humeral.


Subject(s)
Humans , Rotator Cuff Injuries/surgery , Sutures , Biomechanical Phenomena , Suture Techniques , Rotator Cuff/surgery
19.
Rev. chil. endocrinol. diabetes ; 13(4): 159-165, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1123622

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El cáncer diferenciado de tiroides (CDT), es actualmente la neoplasia endocrina más frecuente. Su tratamiento estándar es la resolución quirúrgica, asociado a ablación con radioyodo (RI) según la clasificación propuesta por la American Thyroid Association (ATA). Las indicaciones y dosis de este último, han ido variando en los últimos años según avanzan las investigaciones en este ámbito. Objetivo: En el siguiente estudio se compararon las dosis de RI utilizadas previo y posterior a la implementación de las últimas guías de la ATA. Materiales y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo observacional de 70 pacientes con diagnóstico de CDT del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile entre 2012 y 2017. Se agruparon los pacientes en dos cohortes, los operados entre los años 2012-2015 y los 2016-2017 clasificándolos según riesgo ATA, TNM y riesgo de recurrencia. Se consignaron las dosis de RI utilizadas y se compararon entre las cohortes. Análisis estadístico: Mann Whithney. Resultados: Al comparar la dosis de RI entre ambas cohortes, según TNM y riesgo ATA, se obtuvo los siguientes resultados: los pacientes T1b de la cohorte 2012-2015 presentaron dosis de RI significativamente mayores que los de la cohorte 2016-2017; también se evidenció que en pacientes N0 hubo una diferencia estadísticamente significativa, mostrando una tendencia a disminuir la dosis de RI; además, en los pacientes de la cohorte 2012-2015 con riesgo ATA intermedio, se obtuvo que las dosis de RI fueron significativamente mayores que las utilizadas en la cohorte 2016-2017. Conclusión: Se concluye que las variaciones de las dosis de RI utilizadas en pacientes con CDT en un hospital universitario van acorde a las recomendaciones internacionales actuales, particularmente la publicación de la guía ATA 2015, aplicándose radioablación con menor dosis de RI. Dado este cambio, se ha evidenciado igualdad de efectos con dosis menores de RI y consecuentemente menos efectos adversos.


Introduction: Differentiated thyroid cancer (CDT) is currently the most frequent endocrine neoplasia. Its standard of care is surgical treatment, associated with radioiodine ablation (IR) according to the classification proposed by the American Thyroid Association (ATA). The indications and doses of the latter have changed in recent years as research in this area advances. Objective: In the following study, the doses of IR used before and after the implementation of the latest ATA guidelines were compared. Materials and methods: Retrospective observational study of 70 patients with a diagnosis of CDT from the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile between 2012 and 2017. Patients were grouped into two cohorts, those surgically intervened between the years 2012-2015 and 2016-2017, classifying them according to ATA risk, TNM and recurrence risk. The IR doses used were reported and compared between the cohorts. Statistical analysis: Mann Whithney. Results: When comparing the IR dose between both cohorts, according to TNM and ATA risk, the following results were obtained: T1b patients in the 2012-2015 cohort had significantly higher IR doses than those in the 2016-2017 cohort; It was also evidenced that N0 patients showed a statistically significant tendency to decrease the IR dose; In addition, the 2012-2015 cohort with intermediate ATA risk, revealed IR doses significantly higher than those used in the 2016-2017 cohort. Conclusion: It is concluded that the variations in IR doses, used in patients with CDT in a university hospital, are in accordance with current international recommendations, particularly the publication of the ATA 2015 guidelines, applying radioablation with a lower dose of IR. Given this change, equality of effects has been evidenced with lower doses of IR and consequently fewer adverse effects.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Radiation Dosage , Radiotherapy/standards , Thyroid Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Endocrinology/standards , Iodine Radioisotopes/administration & dosage , Thyroidectomy/methods , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Risk Assessment , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Endocrinology/methods , Ablation Techniques/methods , Iodine Radioisotopes/adverse effects
20.
Rev. Hosp. Clin. Univ. Chile ; 31(3): 223-230, 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1145386

ABSTRACT

The clinical approach to non-thyroid cervical masses in primary care has always been considered a diagnostic challenge. In the absence of specific diagnostic methods, the general practitioner must rely on clinic and general tests in order to achieve a suspected diagnosis and timely referral. On initial approach to cervical masses, one must first analyze each case according to patient age, associating an exhaustive anamnesis focused on the growth pattern and aggregate symptoms, along with a physical examination focused on signs of malignancy. Once completed, the etiology of the mass can be classified as probable congenital, inflammatory or tumoral origin. And also try to determine localization, temporality and discriminate between benign and malignant causes. Once the clinical interrogation has been completed, basic complementary tests and/or directed test according to suspicion can be requested. The foregoing allows the primary care physician a proper referral to specialist and/or initiation of appropriate treatment. (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Cysts/etiology , Neck/physiopathology , Primary Health Care/trends , Cysts/diagnosis , Head and Neck Neoplasms/etiology
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